Sample Essay on the Controversies of Vaccination

Vaccination is one of those curious topics that are capable of reducing even the most soft-spoken, intelligent, friendly and downright pleasant people to mouth-frothing, murderous rage. There are no borderline cases: one either screams about world-spanning conspiracy of vaccine-producers, or laughs with derision at obscurantists who subject both their children and others to dangers that can easily be avoided. Arguments against vaccination are incredibly and amazingly diverse and range from belief in possible direct adverse effects of vaccines (which is probably true, but in any way not to the extent described by anti-vaccination activists) to more obscure instances of vaccines causing disabilities like autism to hair-raising worldviews in which vaccination is nothing but a sinister conspiracy by pharmaceutical corporations, natural immunity is superior in all possible ways to god-awful artificial one and epidemics of life-threatening diseases that ravaged the world in the past have probably been invented by evil corporations as well. It is truly amazing how eager people to believe in possible danger of vaccination the most reliable proof of which is something they’ve read on a parents’ forum once, and how easily they dismiss a very real danger of disease this vaccine prevents. It seems that all people know and remember about their own experience throughout maybe last five years, and everything that happened before is non-existent and irrelevant for today’s world. They dismiss the fact that some of the diseases they don’t want to vaccinate their children against have 1 in 10 fatality rate. They forget that epidemics of these diseases have killed millions of people and crippled millions more. They believe in some kind of natural immunity which in good old times people got with mother’s milk but don’t seem to remember that prior to widespread vaccination and antibiotic usage four out of five children died without reaching the age of 2 years. Yes, in some cases vaccination causes adverse effects – but the risk of these adverse effects is much, much lower than the risk of dying of the disease the vaccine is supposed to prevent. Vaccine decreases the risk, or rather replaces one risk with another, much lower one. As for the role of vaccination in the increase of autism rates, there is no proof whatsoever that these two situations have anything to do with each other. The only scientific work that stated this as a fact has long been disproven – yet the idea lingers in public consciousness and is unlikely to go away any time soon. In recent years we have seen a number of outbreaks of diseases that have been all but eradicated – and the reason for this can easily be traced to anti-vaccination movement. In today’s world, in which countries that have far less stringent standards of healthcare are only a flight away, not being vaccinated is akin to having the sword of Damocles hanging over your head. A very small risk of suffering from some extremely rare adverse effect is certainly a low enough price to pay for having a guaranteed safety against a disease that is most likely to kill you.

Argumentative Essay on Music and Education

Introduction Around the world, the United States is seen as the leader amongst all nations. Many of our own politicians love to say how it is the greatest country in the world. Since childhood, we have been taught that the American Dream is something that causes everyone from other countries in the world to move here. We have so much hype around us and sadly we don’t live up to it. Studies show that even though we are second in the industrialized nations, behind Switzerland, in amount spent for student we are ninth in terms of education. Why is this happening? What seems to be happening is lack of expectation in our students hence students are finding it hard to get motivated in school. With a country that thrives on innovation, you would think that there would have been a solution to this problem ages ago. One thing that I think is extremely important to make education succeed is Music and the arts. With music and the arts in school a student learns to become motivated and they are more likely to stay in school and have them continue in their education. It also makes a student become better in different aspects of life and enables them to become reliable leaders. Something that is very important in the planning of a country’s future. In a study conducted, New York City public schools with the lowest graduation rates have the least access to music and arts classes. In our state of Florida, we have one of the highest school dropout rates in the nation with every one in four students dropping out. Generally one the main reason for dropping out includes lack of interest in school. Adding different kinds of music and art classes in school will keep students motivated and interested in staying in school. Being in the drum line or in a theatre class also gives a chance for students to work with their fellow peers. This sense of community gives students the opportunity to grow and become confident in themselves. Many times this confident grows to leadership which helps students in becoming more successful in the future. A big step in being successful in the future of students is getting accepted into their dream colleges. And the most important thing is being well rounded, that includes being involved in the school you are in, having good grades and staying out of trouble. Music and the arts keep students out of trouble because they put in all the negative energy into something positive, also being in the arts program in a school is usually not a classroom sort of thing. Most of the time, students are in concerts, musicals, entering poetry contests, or putting their art in a gallery and this is something that takes place outside the school and that keeps a student busy and out of trouble. Music therefore tends to create a positive mental attitude to the students thereby enhancing their education (Duke 45) Since being in the arts is a time consuming activity, many of the classes that have to do with the arts will be held after school and clubs activities. This dedication helps in the future of students. Students will also become more active in working with other people which in turn causes them to get more involved with community service and that is something that most if not all colleges really like. Finally in academics, a student involved in the arts will do better in academics because they are all interconnected. For example, a student involved in music class is more likely to do better in math than a student who isn’t. So how can a subject like music help well student in math? Well research has found that music instruction helps develop the capacity for spatial-temporal reasoning, which is integral in the acquisition of important mathematical skills. Music and arts is essential in any education curriculum because it plays part in enhancing student’s language and reading skills (Elliot 63). This is because the art of music involves verbal communications to effectively convey the message being transmitted by the songs, poems or plays. These aspects of arts are what enhance the student’s learning capacity thereby improving their performance as well. Research revealed that most students engaging in music and arts classes performed better in linguistic subjects compared to those who did not. This gives the implication that it is crucial for schools to adopt music and arts classes to improve the academic performance of students. There is a strong correlation between music and education. This is because music has either a direct or indirect influence to education. A direct influence is when it is handled as a unit in a school; it would require the student’s full participation. Music on the other hand will have an indirect influence to education when students will different languages as a result of learning music from different parts of the world. This bond acts as a motivation to students at the different levels of education and this automatically has a positive impact on the economy of a country. Music and arts tend to incorporate good morals thereby upbringing socially and economically dependable students. The morals inculcated to students by these morals enables them see the value of education and enables them develop a positive attitude towards education (Phillips 71). Some of the morals that will be involved in music and arts include discipline, persistence, patience, and collaboration amongst others. Patience as a virtue developed as a result of music will assist students become patient with education as well. Students who would have wanted to drop out of schools change their self destructive thoughts and instead embrace education. Research has revealed that music and arts students develop a high sense of social skills compared to students who do not engage in the arts (Jorgensen 59). This aspect of social skills helps students become resourceful people in the society and the country as a whole. Social skills are developed when students have to perform in front of a large audience. This aspect enables them develop a high sense of self confidence and better ways of expressing themselves. These students will tend to have high levels of self esteem. The schools of music and arts give the students the idea that they can make something out of themselves. This helps the students become inventive and innovative in achieving their short term and long term goals. These students will be more creative in finding solutions to problem hence implying that they become better problem solvers. The students become good planners as well in different life aspects. This combination of traits is part of the leadership skills required in different activities. Music and arts lessons are amongst the first ones to be dropped out of the education curriculum in cases of economic difficulties. This should be greatly discouraged because these programs enable students become more team oriented. Music involves different instruments and different vocals. To bring out the best of music therefore, a combination of all these elements has to be achieved. The combination of the elements cannot be felt without team work from the key role players in the music. The team work employed in music therefore, extends to the students’ social lives hence the reason why music and arts should be highly encouraged in schools. Music is an active activity that requires full participation of the students. Contrary classroom learning is more of passive in nature because the students just sit down in classroom and take in what the teachers have to say. Music and arts classes require students to actively take part in playing the musical instruments or act on stage (Reimer 27). This implies that music and arts are more involving to the students compared to classroom learning. This is the reason why most students will appreciate music and arts compared to classroom learning. Music and arts plays a key role in developing socially responsible students. This is because the art of music and arts enables students appreciate cultural diversity. Therefore, music and arts students are in a better position to fit in different cultural settings. This is gained when students learn music and arts lessons which involve different cultures. By these lessons the students embrace the different cultural aspects. The students can therefore fit in a different cultural setting compared to students who have always been in classroom lessons only. Music and arts students develop critical thinking and problem solving skills to a higher level compared to students who do not engage in music and arts (Jorgensen 36). Critical thinking is developed when these students have to learn how to use new musical instruments such as the violins amongst others. The students develop greater efforts in learning and this constitutes to problem solving skills on the students’ part. These students therefore become better problem solvers in the future. Conclusion Music and arts have different effects on the students in schools. Some of the effects are psychological whereas some are physical. The psychological effects of music and arts to students tend to assist the students in improving the education. The physical effect on music and arts to students enhances the students’ ability to be highly creative and innovative. It is therefore logical that music and arts play a big role in developing students of high intellectual capacity within the society. Music and arts classes should therefore be encouraged in every education curriculum. It is however a pity that music and arts lessons are some of the first to be dropped out of the curriculum in case of crisis. Work Cited Duke R.E. Intelligent Music Teaching: Essays on the core principles of effective instructions. California: Learning and Behavior Resources, 2009. Elliot J. D. Music Matters: A New Philosophy of Music Education. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. Jorgensen R.E. Transforming music education. New York: Indiana University Press, 2002. Jorgensen R.E. The Art of Teaching Music. New York: Indiana University Press, 2008. Phillips H.K. Exploring Research in Music Education and Music Therapy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Reimer B. A Philosophy of Music Education: Advancing the vision. London: Prentice Hall, 2002.

Stem Cell Research For Better or for Worse Essay examples

For as long as humans exist, optimal health continues to remain vital for a productive life. As new medical discoveries increase through generations, humans become healthier, therefore, their life expectancy rises. Stem cell research, a relatively new field, investigates to improve and lengthen human life. The possibility of stem cells to develop prospering health makes them beneficial to the human race. Why do stem cell debates create such a large uproar? Stem cells posses the potential to arise into hundreds of different cells in the body- for this reason stem cells are also referred to as undifferentiated cells. Stem cells’ value also comes from their ability to â€Å"replicate many times, or proliferate† (â€Å"Stem Cell Basics† 1).†¦show more content†¦Although embryonic stem cells contain abilities to enrich human health, a less controversial source of stem cells remains- adult stem cells. Collecting adult stem cells takes place in numerous lo cations of the body such as: bone marrow, muscle, the brain, umbilical cords, and adipose tissue (Guinan 308). Goldstein documents of experimental findings how human brain stem cells â€Å"can achieve ninety to ninety-five perfect purity in combination with several previous steps† (207). However, scientists remained uncertain about the functionality of adult stem cells because they â€Å"typically generate the cell types of the tissues in which they reside† (â€Å"Stem Cell Basics† 1), but in 2006 a Kyoto University team discovered the ability to engineer adult stem cells into pluripotent stem cells (â€Å"New Method† 4). Recent technology allows scientists to â€Å"directly covert somatic cells to pluripotent cells regardless of availability of embryonic cells† (Han 278). This technology may foster the growth of stem cell research because it removes the challenge of accessing to pluripotent cells. 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The Parts and Structure of the Academic Essay Example For Students

The Parts and Structure of the Academic Essay An academic essay has the following parts: An introductory paragraph oft sub-parts general to specific statements leading to the specific topic, and the thesis statement. Body paragraphs, which either present (1) information in a logical sequence, or (2) a supported argument to convince the reader of your opinion or answer to the essay question. A concluding paragraph of two sub-parts either a conclusion or summary of the essay in the first sub-part, and then your opinion and/or final comments. I . 2 Most academic essays have the following Structure: Within the structure are three components: the thesis, the argument and the support. The thesis is your answer to the essay question. It is also called the claim or the main idea Of the essay. The argument is your method Of convincing the reader that your thesis is true. The support is the evidence, information, data, examples, illustrations, etc. That are used to prove the claims you use in your argument. 1. The aim of the essay Essays are written either to describe or explain something, or to convince the reader of any claim you put forward. 2. 0 THE INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH 2. 1 The introductory paragraph has four purposes: . It introduces the topic of the essay. 2. It gives a general background Of the topic. 3. It should arouse the readers interest in the topic. 4. It often indicates the overall plan Of the essay. 2. 2 The structure of the introductory paragraph: The introductory paragraph has two sub-parts: (a) general to sp ecific statements and (b) a thesis statement. A) General to specific statements: should introduce the topic of the essay should give background information on the topic should start with a very general comment about the subject to attract the readers attention and indicate the area or field tooth topic tooth essay should come more specific with each subsequent sentence and finally lead into the specific topic of the essay N.B.: Add only add the information that is necessary for the reader to know before he or she starts reading the body of the essay. B) A thesis statement: should state the specific topic and what you are going to write about it should be contestable should list the subdivisions of the specific topic may indicate the method of organization of the entire paper is usually the last sentence in the introductory paragraph An introductory paragraph is like a funnel: very Wide at the top, increasingly arrow in the middle, and very small at the neck or bottom. 2. 3 Model Int roductory Paragraph General to Specific Statements: Specific Topic: Thesis Statement: South African students finish high school when they are 18 to 19 years old. If they have passed their matrix, they can enter university immediately or they can take a year or two off. If they do not pass matrix, they can wait until they do and then enter. In either case, students can choose between entering university directly or taking some time off beforehand. Those students who do take some time off before entering university seem to be better prepared, perform better, enjoy heir university life more and make better employees once they start working. For these reasons, there has been a suggestion that all students should be made to take at least one year off after high school before entering university. This would be a good idea for many students because it means they would enter university with more maturity and a greater sense of responsibility, they would be clearer about what they want to study and therefore less likely to give up, and be more able to deal with the different learning styles and expectations of university study. However, the year off should not be compulsory for all students. . 0 THESIS, ARGUMENT AND SUPPORT 3. 1 Thesis All essays need a thesis, which is expressed in the thesis statement and is your answer to the essay question. If you do not have an answer, it is going to be very difficult to write the essay. Once you have decided on a thesis, you then need to set about convincing your reader that your answer is correct or at least feasible. You will need an argument for this. Arguments need support. You will need to use the appropriate evidence, examples, facts, illustrations, research, etc. To support each Step (claim) of your argument. 3. 2 Argument a. Introduction The only way you can convince your reader that your thesis is correct is to support it with an argument that is valid and that has evidence for the premises you put forward. If you dont have at least some idea of how to argue for a thesis, you probably dont really understand what the thesis is. Your argument defines the structure of your paper so that if you have a clear argument you already have a good essay plan and clear style should follow relatively easily. B. Putting the essay argument together You need to put your argument together before you do any writing. Base it n what you know and the intimation you have at hand. If you get any more information or have second thoughts, change or modify the argument. Make sure you have an argument you are happy with. When writing an argument, PU already know what you want your conclusion to be: your thesis, The question is where to start. Your argument needs to start with an opening claim, which should be both general and readily acceptable by the reader, prom this first general claim, you move, step-by-step, adding new claims that are true and are connected to the ones before, until you reach the conclusion. It takes practice to earn to write good arguments. You cannot expect to come up with a good argument the first time Practice putting together simple arguments until you master the process, and then follow the same procedure for your essay arguments. . 3 Support All logical arguments consist of premises leading to a conclusion. Essay arguments are a little different in that they consist Of claims leading to a final claim, which is your answer to the essay question, your thesis. You need evidence for your claims so they Will not be taken as unfounded. Dont just make assertions without backing them up; if you present the evidence that led o to form your point Of view, then your reader Will not be as quick to dismiss your interpretation. The type of evidence required (statistical data, graphs. Empirical data, paraphrased textual evidence, quotations, analogies, anecdotes, etc. Is determined by your thesis and the claims you present. Make sure you know the difference between good and poor support. All evidence must include source notes! Make sure that you know the difference between evidence and the argument, and that it is evident in your essay. A compelling discussion of your thesis does not constitute evidence for it. Without strong evidence an essay urns into an opinion piece rather than a well-structured argument. Evidence is much more effective when you use it to support your argument, rather than just throwing it into the essay without the proper connections to what you are trying to prove, 4. BODY PARAGRAPHS 4. 1 Proper academic paragraphs The body paragraphs need t o be in a clear and logical sequence. They also need to be well-written paragraphs that follow the guidelines for presenting ideas in order and for the parts, Structure and patterns Of academic paragraphs. 4. 2 Body paragraphs present the argument for the thesis With the support The odd paragraphs should contain the argument of the essay and the support. The argument will determine the order, the content, and the pattern of the paragraphs. 4. Follow your essay plan If you have a clear essay plan, it should be fairly easy to write the body paragraphs. The parts of the plan will tell you what the main idea of each body paragraph is, the pattern to follow, and what information to include. The plan below is based on the introductory paragraph above: Essay Argument Support LIZ students finish high school when they are about 18 years old Who are they? How old are they? What do they study? Introductory paragraph Some then enter university directly; others take a year or so off How do they enter directly? Epilepsy EssayNo way! Similarly, writers construct essays using sets of blueprints or outlines to guide them in the writing process Drawing up an outline allows you to think before you write. What use is there in writing the entire essay only to realize that, had you done a little more planning beforehand, you would hue organized it in an entirely different way? What if you realize later, after free- writing the essay, that you should have omitted some paragraphs, restructured he progression of your logic, and used more examples and other evidence? The outline allows you to think beforehand What youre going to Mite so that when you do write it, if youve done your planning right, you wont have to do as much rewriting. You Will still, Of course, need to revise. Make your points brief When you construct your outline, keep it brief. The titles, headings, and points in your outline should be about one line each. Keep each line under twelve words. If you cant compress your point into a one-liner, you probably dont have a clear grasp of what youre trying to say. Choose an appropriate arrangement Drawing up an outline allows you to see at a glance how each of the paragraphs fits into the larger picture. When looking at your paragraphs from this perspective, you can easily shift around the order to see how reorganization might be better. Remember that each paragraph in the essay should support the position or argument of your paper, Some writers urge a climactic arrangement, one that works up to your strongest point, which is delivered as a kind of grand finale, Another successful arrangement is the inductive argument, in which you build up the evidence first, and then draw conclusions. A problem-solution aroma involves presenting the problem first and then outlining the solution -? this works well for some topics because it is a soft version of the scientific method. Whatever your choice, choose an arrangement that presents a clear, logical argument. STEP 6: THE INTRODUCTION Get the readers attention The first goal in your introduction is to grab the readers attention. Wake him or her up and generate some interest about the topic. Dont tire your reader with long introductions that fail to get quickly to the point and issue. Begin with specifics and jump right into the problem or conflict you are addressing. When readers see a good conflict, they are likely to take an interest in it. To grab the readers attention, you might present an interesting fact a surprising piece of information an exciting quotation an intriguing paradox an explanation of an odd term a short narrative/anecdote (not fiction) a provocative question Introductions to avoid: Dictionary definitions of words your reader should know. Did you know? or Have you ever wondered? Rhetorical questions WV his paper will be about In this paper I will prove Present your thesis The entire introduction should lead toward the presentation four thesis, hereby you take a stand on the issue you are discussing. Deliver your thesis at the end of the introduction so that your reader knows what general position you will take in your essay. You dont need to spell out all the details of your thesis in the introduction, particularly if it would be bulky and un intelligible to the reader who lacks all the ensuing reference and context, but you should give the reader a good idea Of What your argument is. As you do this, avoid saying I Will discuss or l intend to argue . STEP 7: PARAGRAPHS Choose a singular focus Each paragraph should have a clear, singular focus to it. Avoid shifting topics thin the same paragraph- rather continue to develop the same idea you began with. Someone once compared the beginning of a new paragraph to the changing angle of a wall: when the angle of the wall changes, a new wall begins. Let your paragraphs be like that wall: running straight along a certain angle, and beginning anew when the angle changes, Begin with a topic sentence A topic sentence is generally the first sentence to the paragraph, and it describes the claim or point of the paragraph, thus orienting the reader to the purpose of the paragraph. When you use topic sentences, your reader will invariably find it easier to follow your thoughts and argument. Develop the idea A paragraph should be at least half a page long but usually no more than one page. How, then, do you fill that paragraph length? Try implementing some of the following techniques for development: illustrate your idea with examples give an authoritative quotation anticipate and respond to counterarguments back your ideas With more evidence offer another perspective to the idea brainstorm more insights about the idea elaborate on causes/effects, definitions, comparison/contrasts Use transitions Transitions are words that help the audience follow your train bethought. Transitions help the reader connect new information to what he or she has just read. Transition words can be used to Show location: Show time: above, across, near, between, inside, below, throughout after, as soon as, finally, during, then, when, next Compare: also, likewise, as, similarly Contrast: although, however, but, even though, yet Emphasize: this reason, especially, in fact, in particular Draw conclusions: as a result, finally, therefore, in conclusion, thus Add information: additionally, tort example, besides, moreover, also Clarify: instance STEP 8: THE CONCLUSION Recap your main idea that is, in other words, for In the conclusion you need to recap your ideas in a clear, summarizing manner. You want your readers to understand the message you intended to communicate. Leave a memorable impression Its not enough just to restate your main ideas if you only did that and then ended your essay, your conclusion would be flat and boring. Youve got to make a graceful exit from your essay by leaving a memorable impression on the reader. You need to say something that will continue to simmer in the readers minds long after he or she has put down your essay. TO leave this memorable impression, try Giving a thought-provoking quotation scribing a powerful image talking about consequences or implications stating what action needs to be done ending on an interesting twist of thought explaining why the topic is important Keep it short Keep your conclusion short, probably ten lines or less, and avoid fluff. Youre just trying to make an interesting exit, and presumably all the really important points have been made previously in your essay.